Unit - I Introduction to Computer System
1.1 Basics of Computer System
Learning Objective: To understand the fundamental architecture of a computer, including hardware/software relationships and the functional block diagram.
Functional Block Diagram
Every computer system consists of three main stages: Input, Process, and Output. The internal structure is governed by the CPU and Memory Units.
[Block Diagram of Computer System]
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Key Components of the System
01 Input Unit
Allows the user to enter raw data into the system.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner.
02 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The "Brain" of the computer that performs calculations and controls data flow.
The CPU Sub-Units
The CPU is further divided into three critical sections:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs mathematical (+, -, *, /) and logical (AND, OR) operations.
- CU (Control Unit): Acts as a supervisor, directing the flow of data between components.
- MU (Memory Unit): Temporarily holds data and instructions for immediate processing.
Hardware vs. Software
| Feature | Hardware | Software |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Physical components (Touch) | Set of instructions (Virtual) |
| Examples | RAM, Monitor, CPU | Windows, MS Word, Drivers |
| Failure | Physical damage / Wear & Tear | Bugs, Viruses, Corruption |
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